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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: River Stream Ecology, physical & chemical characteristics (abiotic factors) (from previous years' field observations) including stream profile, Volume at Riffle (of defined length) equals Width x Average Depth, physical & chemical characteristics (abiotic factors) (from previous years' field observations) including water temperature, water temperature which affects oxygen, medium streams contain algae, vascular aquatic plants (grazed by "grazers" and FPOM (collected by the "collectors") Higher temperatures and lower oxygen concentrations (and fish that can tolerate these) leading to Large rivers that contain microbes, phytoplankton, zooplankton; benthic "collectors", and "very tolerant fish" (that can live in high temperatures and low oxygen conditions), structure including Riffle, biological characteristics (biotic factors) & physical characteristics (abiotic factors) that are summarized by "The River Continuum Concept" (Fig. 3.33; Molles), rapid current; broken surface. Oxygenated where it flows over rocks. One to three feet deep. in which Nymphs can be dislodged and contribute to "biological drift" (feeding animals downstream) Crayfish can be found here, Riffle Characterized by rapid current; broken surface. Oxygenated where it flows over rocks. One to three feet deep., "The River Continuum Concept" (Fig. 3.33; Molles) starting with small headwaters contain leaves that have fallen into water These are shredded by "shredder" macroinvertebrates and the smaller particles are collected by "collector" macroinvertebrates. Lots of oxygen & oxygen-requiring fish, pool characterized by still water that is relativey deep, oxygen with colder water holding more oxygen than warm water (and this will determine which fish species are present), Run characterized by a moderate current and smooth surface in which light can penetrate, those relating to ions including "hardness" (calcium & magnesium), those relating to sewage and/or fertilizer pollution including Ammonia, stream profile including Volume at Riffle (of defined length), Large rivers that contain microbes, phytoplankton, zooplankton; benthic "collectors", and "very tolerant fish" (that can live in high temperatures and low oxygen conditions) for which the health of the river / stream can be determined through the use a a "biotic index", structure including pool, still water that is relativey deep with few macroinvertebrates, stream profile including Average Velocity at Riffle